Aeromonas sp.: emergent pathogens to considerate in waters
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Abstract
The habitat of the species of Aeromonas is the freshwater ecosystems and in the last years, they have been reported as etiologic agents in intestinal infections and extraintestinal infections. Water samples (855) were evaluated with the incorporation of bile salts brilliant green starch agar (BBGS) according to Nishikawa and Kishi, with the isolation and identification of 1 410 strains of Aeromonas of these samples and 662 strains received by the surveillance system of Vibrio cholerae in waters. In this work, 429 positive samples were reported (50.2%) to the genus in the different sources of waters analyzed with the biggest isolations to groundwater (85.2%) and superficial water (83.3%), followed by residual waters (69.2%) and smaller, in coastal waters and saline water (34.0% and 15.2%, respectively). Seven positive samples were obtained of the water distribution system with absence of total and faecal coliforms and presence of appropriate residual chlorine. In the processed samples, the predominant species were A. hydrophila (38.8%), followed by A. veronii biovar sobria (34.8%) and A. caviae (24.5%), while in the received strains of provinces, A. caviae prevailed (56.8%), followed by A. hydrophila (30.7%) and A. veronii biovar sobria (11.9%), species reported as enteropathogens
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González GonzálezM. I., Torres RojasT., Chiroles RubalcabaS., Valdés ÁguilaM., & Domínguez MartínezI. (2004). Aeromonas sp.: emergent pathogens to considerate in waters. Cub@: Medio Ambiente Y Desarrollo, 4(6). Retrieved from https://cmad.ama.cu/index.php/cmad/article/view/57
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References
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American Public Health Association. Standards Methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 17 th ed. 1989; Washington, APHA, AWWA,JWPCF.
Araujo R M, Arribas R M, Parés R. Distribution of Aeromonas species in waters with different levels of pollution. J Appl Bacteriol 1991;71: 182-86.
Borrell N, Figueras MJ, Guarro J. Phenotypic identification of Aeromonas genomospecies from clinical and environmental sources. Can J Microbiol 1998; 44:103-8.
Brandi G, Sisti M, Giardini F, Schiavano GF, Albano A. Survival ability of cytotoxic strains of motile Aeromonas spp. in different types of water. Lett Appl Microbiol 1999;29:211-15.
Burke V, Robinson J, Gracey M, Peterson D, Partridge K. Isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila from a metropolitan water supply: seasonal correlation with clinical isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol 1984;48:361-6.
Carnahan AM, Behram S, Joseph SW. Aerokey II: A flexible key for identifying clinical Aeromonas species. J Clin Microbiol 1991;29:2843-49.
Colwell RR, MacDonell MT, DeLey J. Proposal to recognize the family Aeromonadaceae fam. nov. Inst J Syst Bacteriol 1986;36: 473-77.
Environment Protection Agency. Method 1605: Aeromonas in finished water by membrane filtration using Ampicillin-Dextrin Agar with vancomicyn (ADA-V). October 2001, EPA-821-R-01-034.
Fernández A, Bravo L, Ramírez M, Castañeda N, Cabrera R. Identificación en especie de cepas pertenecientes a la familia Vibrionaceae. Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiología Suplemento 2002;44(4):248.
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González MI. Microbiología del agua mineral natural envasada: un tema en actual desarrollo. Alimentaria 2000;316:85-91.
González MI. Aislamiento de Vibrio cholerae y especies asociadas en aguas. Tesis para optar por el Grado de Doctor en Ciencias de la Salud, marzo 2002.
González MI, Torres T, Chiroles S, López N, Valdés M, Domínguez I, Leyva Y. Perfeccionamiento de los métodos de evaluación microbiológica de muestras ambientales. Informe final de proyecto de investigación, diciembre 2002.
Havelaar AH, During M, Versteegh JFM. Ampicillin-dextrin agar medium for the enumeration of Aeromonas species in water by membrane filtration. J Appl Bacterial 1987;62:279-87.
Holmes P, Niccolls LM, Sartory DP. The ecology of mesophilic Aeromonas in the aquatic environment. En: Austin B, Altwegg M, Gosling PJ, Joseph S, eds.The Genus Aeromonas. United Kingdom: 1996, John Wiley & Sons, 1996: 127-50.
Janda J M, Abbott SL. Evolving concepts regarding the genus Aeromonas: an expanding panorama of species, disease presentations, and unanswered questions. Clin Infect Dis 1998;27:332-44.
Janda JM, Abbott SL, 1999. Unusual food-borne pathogens. Listeria monocytogenes, Aeromonas and Edwarsiella species. Clin Lab Med 1999;19:553-82.
Kersters I, Smeyers N, Verstraete W. Comparison of different media for the enumeration of Aeromonas sp. in freshwaters. J Appl Bacterio 1996;81:257-61.
Massa S, Armuzzi R, Tosques M, Canganella F, Trovalli LD. Note: susceptibility to chlorine of Aeromonas hydrophila strains. J Appl Microbiol 1999;86:169-73.
Medema GJ, van Asperen IA, Klokman-Houweling JM, Nooitgedagt A, vander Laar MJW, Havelaar AH. The relationship between health effects in triathletes and microbiological quality of freshwater. Wat Sci Tech 1995;31:19-26.
Monfort P, Baleaux B. Dynamics of Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria and Aeromonas caviae in a sewage treatment pond. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990;56: 1999-2006.
Mosso MA, de la Rosa MC, Vivar C, Medina MR. Heterotrophic bacterial populations in the mineral waters of thermal springs in Spain. J Appl Bacteriol 1994;77:370-81.
Nishikawa Y, Kishi T. A modification of bile salts brilliant green agar for isolation of motile Aeromonas from foods and environmental specimens. Epidemiol Infect 1987;98:331-36.
Pérez-Rosas N, Hazen TC. In situ survival of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli in a tropical rain forest watershed. Appl Environ Microbiol 1989;55:495-9.
Pettibone GW. Population dynamics of Aeromonas spp. in an urban river watershed. J Appl Microbiol 1998;85:723-30.
Schubert RHW. Aeromonads and their significance as potential pathogens in water. J Appl Bacteriol 1991;70:131S-135S.
Silva M, Selva AL, Sablón V, Díaz M, Escalante T. Aeromonas, retrospectiva de este microorganismo emergente en la Provincia Las Tunas. Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiología Suplemento 2002;44(4):267.
Sisti M, Albano A, Brandi G. Bactericidal effect of chlorine on motile Aeromonas spp. in drinking water supplies and influence of temperature on disinfection efficacy. Lett Appl Microbiol 1998;26:347-51.
Standing Committee of Analysts. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2002)-Part 8-Methods for the isolation and enumeration of Aeromonas and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by membrane filtration. Methods for Examination of Waters and Associated Materials. Environment Agency U.K., 2002, pp. 1-18.
Stecchini ML, Domenis C. Incidence of Aeromonas species in influent and effluent of urban wastewater purification plants. Lett Appl Microbiol 1994;19: 237-39.
Warburton DW. A review of the microbiological quality of bottled water sold in Canada. Part 2. The need for more stringent standards and regulations. Can J Microbiol 1993;39:158-68.
Warburton DW. The microbiological safety of bottled waters. En: Farber JM, Todd ECD, eds. Safe Handling of Foods. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2000;479-518.
American Public Health Association. Standards Methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 17 th ed. 1989; Washington, APHA, AWWA,JWPCF.
Araujo R M, Arribas R M, Parés R. Distribution of Aeromonas species in waters with different levels of pollution. J Appl Bacteriol 1991;71: 182-86.
Borrell N, Figueras MJ, Guarro J. Phenotypic identification of Aeromonas genomospecies from clinical and environmental sources. Can J Microbiol 1998; 44:103-8.
Brandi G, Sisti M, Giardini F, Schiavano GF, Albano A. Survival ability of cytotoxic strains of motile Aeromonas spp. in different types of water. Lett Appl Microbiol 1999;29:211-15.
Burke V, Robinson J, Gracey M, Peterson D, Partridge K. Isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila from a metropolitan water supply: seasonal correlation with clinical isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol 1984;48:361-6.
Carnahan AM, Behram S, Joseph SW. Aerokey II: A flexible key for identifying clinical Aeromonas species. J Clin Microbiol 1991;29:2843-49.
Colwell RR, MacDonell MT, DeLey J. Proposal to recognize the family Aeromonadaceae fam. nov. Inst J Syst Bacteriol 1986;36: 473-77.
Environment Protection Agency. Method 1605: Aeromonas in finished water by membrane filtration using Ampicillin-Dextrin Agar with vancomicyn (ADA-V). October 2001, EPA-821-R-01-034.
Fernández A, Bravo L, Ramírez M, Castañeda N, Cabrera R. Identificación en especie de cepas pertenecientes a la familia Vibrionaceae. Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiología Suplemento 2002;44(4):248.
Furuwatari Ch, Kanakami Y, Akahane T, Aidaka E, Okimara Y, Nakayama J, Furihata K, Katsuyama T. Proposal of Aeroscheme (modified Aerokey II for the identification of clinical Aeromonas species. Med Sci Res 1994; 22:617-19.
González MI, Torres T, Nolasco T. Bacterias enteropatógenas e indicadores de contaminación en aguas recreativas para campismo. En: Serie Salud Ambiental No 4. Cuba: ECIMED,1996;127-35.
González MI. Microbiología del agua mineral natural envasada: un tema en actual desarrollo. Alimentaria 2000;316:85-91.
González MI. Aislamiento de Vibrio cholerae y especies asociadas en aguas. Tesis para optar por el Grado de Doctor en Ciencias de la Salud, marzo 2002.
González MI, Torres T, Chiroles S, López N, Valdés M, Domínguez I, Leyva Y. Perfeccionamiento de los métodos de evaluación microbiológica de muestras ambientales. Informe final de proyecto de investigación, diciembre 2002.
Havelaar AH, During M, Versteegh JFM. Ampicillin-dextrin agar medium for the enumeration of Aeromonas species in water by membrane filtration. J Appl Bacterial 1987;62:279-87.
Holmes P, Niccolls LM, Sartory DP. The ecology of mesophilic Aeromonas in the aquatic environment. En: Austin B, Altwegg M, Gosling PJ, Joseph S, eds.The Genus Aeromonas. United Kingdom: 1996, John Wiley & Sons, 1996: 127-50.
Janda J M, Abbott SL. Evolving concepts regarding the genus Aeromonas: an expanding panorama of species, disease presentations, and unanswered questions. Clin Infect Dis 1998;27:332-44.
Janda JM, Abbott SL, 1999. Unusual food-borne pathogens. Listeria monocytogenes, Aeromonas and Edwarsiella species. Clin Lab Med 1999;19:553-82.
Kersters I, Smeyers N, Verstraete W. Comparison of different media for the enumeration of Aeromonas sp. in freshwaters. J Appl Bacterio 1996;81:257-61.
Massa S, Armuzzi R, Tosques M, Canganella F, Trovalli LD. Note: susceptibility to chlorine of Aeromonas hydrophila strains. J Appl Microbiol 1999;86:169-73.
Medema GJ, van Asperen IA, Klokman-Houweling JM, Nooitgedagt A, vander Laar MJW, Havelaar AH. The relationship between health effects in triathletes and microbiological quality of freshwater. Wat Sci Tech 1995;31:19-26.
Monfort P, Baleaux B. Dynamics of Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria and Aeromonas caviae in a sewage treatment pond. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990;56: 1999-2006.
Mosso MA, de la Rosa MC, Vivar C, Medina MR. Heterotrophic bacterial populations in the mineral waters of thermal springs in Spain. J Appl Bacteriol 1994;77:370-81.
Nishikawa Y, Kishi T. A modification of bile salts brilliant green agar for isolation of motile Aeromonas from foods and environmental specimens. Epidemiol Infect 1987;98:331-36.
Pérez-Rosas N, Hazen TC. In situ survival of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli in a tropical rain forest watershed. Appl Environ Microbiol 1989;55:495-9.
Pettibone GW. Population dynamics of Aeromonas spp. in an urban river watershed. J Appl Microbiol 1998;85:723-30.
Schubert RHW. Aeromonads and their significance as potential pathogens in water. J Appl Bacteriol 1991;70:131S-135S.
Silva M, Selva AL, Sablón V, Díaz M, Escalante T. Aeromonas, retrospectiva de este microorganismo emergente en la Provincia Las Tunas. Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiología Suplemento 2002;44(4):267.
Sisti M, Albano A, Brandi G. Bactericidal effect of chlorine on motile Aeromonas spp. in drinking water supplies and influence of temperature on disinfection efficacy. Lett Appl Microbiol 1998;26:347-51.
Standing Committee of Analysts. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2002)-Part 8-Methods for the isolation and enumeration of Aeromonas and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by membrane filtration. Methods for Examination of Waters and Associated Materials. Environment Agency U.K., 2002, pp. 1-18.
Stecchini ML, Domenis C. Incidence of Aeromonas species in influent and effluent of urban wastewater purification plants. Lett Appl Microbiol 1994;19: 237-39.
Warburton DW. A review of the microbiological quality of bottled water sold in Canada. Part 2. The need for more stringent standards and regulations. Can J Microbiol 1993;39:158-68.
Warburton DW. The microbiological safety of bottled waters. En: Farber JM, Todd ECD, eds. Safe Handling of Foods. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2000;479-518.